Essay on ' My Ambition of Being a Doctor' , 'My Hobbies' , ' My Journey by Plane' and ' My Journey by Bus'

  My Ambition of Being a Doctor

My ambition in life is to be a medical doctor. Ambition in life is the destination to reach. Everybody has an aim in life. Somebody wants to be a businessman or a teacher or an engineer. Somebody wants to be a social worker or a political leader. I hope I can meet my ambition if I work sincerely and steadily because my teachers have told me that I am a talented student. I do believe in my teachers' words.

I will feel free after my SEE exam. I am thinking of having entertainment and refreshment for a few days after my SEE because I may feel tired and bored. I have not visited some famous places in our country yet I am planning to visit Pokhara and Gorkha. I will spend a few days there. After my visit, I will learn computers for a couple of months. I am thinking of studying science. I will prepare for the entrance test.

After the SEE result is published, I will try to find out one of the best higher secondary schools to get admitted to. I hope I will be able to do it. I will study Science. After two years, I will complete higher secondary education securing good marks. Then I will study medicine. I want to be a medical doctor. I will join a medical college. After some years, I will be a doctor.

After I pass MBBS, I will go to a remote area to serve the people. 1 has known that many people die of diseases in remote areas due to a lack of proper treatment every year. I will try to serve them mainly in two ways: promoting health awareness and curing unhealthy people. I feel that health education functions more significantly than treatment. Therefore I will try to educate the people by running health awareness programs. I am thinking that I will request school and college teachers to manage some classes for me. I hope they will provide me. I will tell the students to share their knowledge and skills with their parents. Furthermore, I will try to educate some health representatives. They will visit individual houses and try to educate the people to be healthy. I am planning to serve the people for ten years. After then I will come back to my native place to work as a doctor.

My ambition of being a doctor is not to earn money but to serve the people. I serve the people and the motherland honestly. I am strongly willing to gain popularity, prestige, and love from the people. I want to be an ideal doctor. It is my ambition in life.

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 My Hobbies

Hobbies provide us with pleasure. We have different means of entertainment. A hobby is one of the ways of entertaining doing something repeatedly. We can utilize our spare time doing something as our hobbies. Hobbies make people feel entertained. Hobbies are for only pleasure, but not for financial support. They definitely enrich our mental and physical health.

Different individuals enjoy different hobbies. Some of the common hobbies are taking photographs, collecting stamps, gardening, collecting coins, painting, and drawing, etc. Some people seem to be fond of visiting places or playing indoor games. Some people enjoy their spare time writing poems, songs, reading novels and stories, etc. Everybody enjoys his spare time according to his interest.

There are some of the advantages of hobbies. We can properly utilize our spare time and do not feel bored. Hobbies are one of the easiest and cheapest ways of having pleasure. We do not need more money to fulfill our needs related to hobbies. The people who have hobbies cannot be lazy because if they have spare time, they start enjoying hobbies. We can have both mental and physical exercises. If we read novels, stories, poems, etc. we can have mental exercises. My hobbies of gardening, visiting places, cycling. etc. contribute to physical exercises. We can enrich our knowledge by means of our hobbies. For example, the hobbies of reading various types of materials, writing different articles, collecting stamps, visiting places, etc. are knowledge for all the people.

I am fond of visiting places and taking photographs. By visiting places and things, we can have pleasure and knowledge. We can enjoy the photographs in our leisure time. The photographs of natural scenes and scenery are really entertaining for me. I have many photographs of mountains, rivers, lakes, waterfalls, forests, caves, grasslands, animals, birds, etc. Similarly, I have a good collection of arts and handicrafts I have watched many programs, folk dances, historical events and have taken photographs of them.

I am well-satisfied with the collection of photographs. I am thinking of managing an exhibition of photographs. It will be advantageous for all the visitors, I do expect.

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 My First Journey by Plane

Traveling by plane is entertaining for me, but on my first journey by plane, I felt slightly afraid and excited. We want to visit the places to get pleasure, information, and knowledge. In order to visit them, we have to travel long distances, too. If we plan to visit places far from our native place, we can travel by plane,

Last year, I had an opportunity to travel by plane. I had to go to Biratnagar from Kathmandu. It was the rainy season. The road to the eastern part of Nepal was blocked by landslides in many places for some days. Therefore, my father bought a plane ticket for me. On the day of my departure to Biratnagar, I went to the airport with my father. there only to see me off. While we were waiting for our plane, it was informed that our plane was ready. Then, we were informed to go to the plane, the door of which was open.

The passengers were standing in a queue. After a few minutes, I entered the plane and took a seat. I felt both fear and excitement. Everybody was informed to fasten safety belts but I didn't know how to do it. As the door got closed, the plane started to run along the runway. I felt afraid. I closed my eyes and prayed Almighty. After a few minutes, I opened my eyes. I realized the plane was flying in the sky. I could see small houses, forests, streets, roads, streams, rivers, etc. from the plane. Gradually my fear started to fade away. I noticed that all the passengers were entertained by watching nature through the windows. Then, I felt there was no cause to fear. But after a few minutes, our plane started making strange sounds. Therefore, I felt afraid and looked at other passengers and the air hostesses. They were sitting comfortably. They did not seem to have been scared. And I realized that it was not any problem. At the same time, I happened to watch the scene of the mountains through the window. How beautiful they were! All of them were very bright. Those snow-capped mountain peaks made me forget myself, too. It means that I was spellbound by the beauty of those mountain peaks.

After half an hour, our plane was over the Terai. I could see paddy fields easily. Unfortunately, the weather became bad. The plane started bumping. I was about to fall off my seat because I had not fastened the safety belt. Then, my neighbor helped me to fasten it. After a few minutes, the weather became clear. As we were about to reach Biratnagar, I could see the town and the airport. I felt that our plane was descending regularly. When it landed, I got off the plane quickly My uncle Rajesh was waiting for me at the airport. We hired a taxi and went to my uncle's house.

Nowadays, I am fond of traveling by plane. It is comfortable, easy, fast, and entertaining. I also feel that it is the most dangerous means of transport we have. My first journey by plane is a memorable experience in my life.

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My Journey by Bus

Last year, I planned to spend our winter vacation with my brother. I bought the bus tickets to travel from Dharan to Hile. Dharan is a beautiful market in Sunsari and Hile is a very attractive and newly developing market in Dhankuta. As I prepared everything, I along with my brother, went to the bus stop on time.

When we arrived at the bus stop, we saw that it was overcrowded. We searched for our bus. There was a long queue of passengers. We stood in the same queue. After a few minutes, we got on the bus but it was already packed. We could not see any vacant seats We got off it and requested the conductor of the bus to manage two seats. He replied he could not. Then, we returned our tickets and looked for another bus. Fortunately, we got an empty bus and hurriedly got on it. Most of the seats were vacant. We chose two front seats and sat comfortably.

After a few minutes, all the seats were occupied and gradually the bus got overcrowded. The bus left on time at 6:00 a.m. While we were talking and enjoying the scene outside through the windows, an old woman called me by my first name. As I looked at her, I knew that she was my neighbor. She was standing with great difficulty. I was in dilemma about what was to be done. If I told her to take my seat, I had to keep myself standing for the whole journey. I was morally and spiritually compelled to provide her the seat and I kept standing near it. While the bus was moving along many bends. of the road, I felt great difficulty balancing my body.

When the bus arrived at Vedetar at the peak of the hill, we got off it for breakfast. We enjoyed watching beautiful Dharan from there. Most of the passengers had tea and snacks; and so did we. I felt extremely cold because it is a very cold place although it is an hour bus ride from Dharan. I got on the bus and wore my warm jacket. I like the place very much because it is really attractive. It is rich in natural beauty. We also took some photographs there. My brother bought some oranges but they were very cold to have. After half an hour, we again started our journey.

When we reached Hile, we got off the bus. I felt extremely tired as I had not got any seat on the bus. Hile is at the top of the hill. It is a beautiful market. It also attracts many tourists every year. After we got off the bus, we went to a hotel and had bread and curry. Then, we started trekking to my native village.

I think that my journey taught me a lesson. The bus service is not well planned. The department concerned should plan it properly. It is really difficult for children and old passengers to travel. Weak passengers cannot get seats. The bus staff does not care about the passengers. There is not seat reservation system. It is not fair for the passengers.

Thank You for being here !!🙏🙏

Essay on My Country Nepal, My pleasant Dream and My Childhood Days

My Country Nepal 

Nepal is an agro-based country. Sixty-Five percentage of people completely depend on agriculture in Nepal. Some of the educated people are employed in other sectors such as teaching, office work, business, etc. Although the people belong to various social groups and religions, they really practice "unity in diversity". The followers of one religion respect the people who belong to another religion. The feeling and practice of fraternity foster the rapport between the people. People speak different languages and enjoy different modes of culture, traditions, and festivals.

Nepal is famous for Angelic natural beauty, unique wonders, and gifts in the world. Although she is landlocked, people from foreign countries are fond of visiting her. She is famous for mountains, rivers, lakes, etc. The highest mountain peak in the world Mt. Everest fascinates many tourists every year. Through tourism, she can earn foreign currency which can be used on development projects. Nepal is rich in natural resources. Many rivers flow from high mountains te=wisting and turning round the hills and move through terai. Many brooks and streams serve the people in many ways. They are advantageous for irrigation, transportation, rafting, running hydroelectricity projects, and so on and so forth.

It is said that ' Hario Ban Nepal ko Dhan'. In fact, we can get many advantages from forests. Our country Nepal seems to be beautiful because of the green forest, but nowadays forests are being destroyed in many ways. Deforestation may result in many natural disasters such as landslides, over-flood, soil erosion, desertification, and siltation of rivers and lakes.

Nowadays the programs of afforestation and reforestation have preserved the forest, the dwelling of the wild animals. National parks and wildlife reserves preserve many wild animals and birds. Many tourists come to Nepal to watch them. 

Nepal is a developing country about fifty percent of people are literate. Many schools and colleges have been running all over the country. To advance the socio-economic status of farmers, they are provided with the facilities of irrigation modern fertilizers improved seeds, and modern methods of farming. The facilities of electricity, health care, transportation, and communication are also increasing. 

I feel proud to be a citizen of Nepal. We, Nepali people, respect each other. We are co-operative. I do feel the most people love the nation. We feel that mother and motherland are the same. I do hope that our country Nepal will be the best and most famous country in the world.

My Pleasant Dream

Yesterday I had a good dream. Dreams are natural for everyone. Some dreams bring consolation to our hearts, but some dreams are not good. Sometimes, we have pleasant dreams. They make us happy and entertained. I have not kept any record of how many times I have seen interesting and pleasant dreams, but the dream that I had yesterday was very pleasant for me.

Yesterday I went to bed early although I was not tired. I had a nice dream just before dawn. I found myself a candidate in the election for the members of the Representative House. I was heartily welcomed by the people. I found myself that I was walking door to door of the voters, and I could not find anybody who was not satisfied with me. I organized many speech programs to attract the people. My speech was welcomed with the thunderous clappings of the voters.

I dreamt that the election was held one day. I saw that most of the voters were in my favor. They voted for me. After a few days, the result was announced that I was elected. Then all the elected members were informed to go to Kathmandu. In the first meeting of the Representative House members, one of my friends proposed me to be the Prime Minister. I felt very happy. The majority of the members accepted the proposal. Then I was elected the Prime Minister of the state. I was informed to appoint the ministers and I did. One day, I was delivering a lecture on the importance of the people's participation in the development projects of the country.

As I found myself delivering a speech in the dream, my mother knocked at the door and I got up. My dream was pleasant for me because I had never dreamt of being the Prime Minister of my country. I think that there must be some reasons why I dreamt such a pleasant dream. That night, I read some books which belong to politics. These books may be the reasons for the dream that I had yesterday night.

It is said that our dreams belong to our activities and desires. But the content and mode of our dreams can be amplified. Therefore, my pleasant dream must belong to my subconscious desire to be Prime Minister of the country.

 My Childhood Days/My Childhood Experiences

I spent my childhood days where I was born. My native village lies in the Dhankuta district. When I was very small, my parents took care of me. According to my parents, I was very simple. I can remember my childhood days. Now, I want to go back to these days.

Before I got admitted to a primary school, I used to play with my friends. They were the children of our neighbors. We used to play with small balls of cotton. It was very simple. I never beat my friends, rather I was beaten by them. I was very fond of playing with them, therefore, I did not tell my parents how and why I was beaten. I used to play in the dusty streets. My mother sometimes got angry with me because I always made my clothes dirty.

When I was at the age of 5 years, I was admitted to a primary school. 1 felt very happy to go to school. All the teachers were well-known to me as they are my relatives. I did not feel strange at school. I enjoyed my first school life nicely. When class one final (yearly) exam result was published, I stood first in the class. I was awarded some exercise books and a new pen. I became very happy. I realize now that I was highly encouraged to study by the prize. Similarly, I continued my primary education. I was never punished at the primary level as I always completed my study. My friends told me I was not clever, I only knew the textbooks. I completely enjoyed mathematics.

When I completed primary education, I was admitted to a lower secondary school in class six. There were more students than in the primary school Our class was large. At about 100 students used to sit in the class. I always used to sit at the back of the class because my friends did not allow me to sit in the front seats. When the class six result was published, I stood first in the class. Then, my class friends started treating me friendly. I used to help

them with maths and English. I was very good at mathematics. When I completed lower secondary education, I got admitted to a secondary school. My childhood days are memorable. I enjoyed them nicely, I do feel now and wish to recall these bygone days. I wish I were a child because my childhood days were very entertaining for me.

Essay Writing from basic concept to detail

  INTRODUCTION TO ESSAY WRITING

An essay means a piece of composition on a topic. The definition of it literally varies from person to person but the entire semanticity of different definitions, to some extent, seems to be similar. 

Oxford Advanced Learner's dictionary defines an essay as a piece of writing usually short and in prose, on any one subject. The essay is a long piece of composition on a theme or a subject. It is self-contained that is, it has a beginning, a middle, and an end. The beginning usually introduces the subject in general forms. The middle of the essay develops the theme and present the writers thought on it. Then the essay is brought to a close in a suitable concluding passage.

Doctor Johnson defines an essay as a loose sally of the mind: an irregular, indigested piece, not a regular and orderly composition literally the word means an attempt or an experiment. An essay is also regarded as a literary composition on any subject usually in short and prose. 

Etymology says the word essay has been derived from the French word 'essai' which means trial or attempt. Montaigne is known as the first man to write essays. Then the system of writing essays started and spread all over the world.

It can be, on the basis of the aforementioned definitions, concluded that an essay is a self-contained piece of writing in prose on a theme or subject issues that can be literary or nonliterary on any subject or topic.

The essay can be categorized as literary and non-literary on the basis of the following criteria:

1. The style of presentation

2. Language form and wording 

3. The nature of the theme they deal with 

4. and the purpose of writing

 The main purpose of writing the literary essay is to provide pleasure to the readers on the other hand the purpose of writing the non-literary ones is to get something done or to push the world in a certain direction.

Parts of an essay 

An essay is a piece of composition that has well-defined parts of its own. They are the introduction or the beginning, the body or the middle part, and the conclusion or ending. 

Each of these parts plays a vital role to make the essay complete and well written. Although these three parts have their own role they are completely interrelated. In other words, there must be unity, coherence, and cohesion in the whole writing.

 These parts are mentioned here below:

Introduction or the Begining

The introduction is the first part of the essay. It simply introduces the subject matter by giving a general introduction to the topic. It should be arresting and pertinent to the subject. The introduction can consist of a definition or a proverb or a quotation or general statement and so on. The purpose of the introduction is to arrest or draw the attention of the reader. It provides a keynote to the readers. Generally, it appears to be short. The opening sentence should be short impressive and aphoristic. It is said that the introduction should be short, clear, simple, complete, and impressive or effective to give the exact account of the subject.

Body or the Middle Part

This is the second and the most important part of the essay. In this part, the writer elaborates on the subject matter. Illustration, description, elaboration, and or the supporting details of the central idea or the theme should be given after the introduction. It contains appropriate facts anecdote figure logic examples and so on what is needed to clarify the theme. This is also called the discussion part. The body or the middle part of the essay is complete within itself because everything is clearly mentioned here.

Conclusion or Ending

The interests the introduction has to arouse should be satisfied by the conclusion. The ending is expected to be satisfied by the conclusion as it should be satisfying. The ending may contain the writer's own opinion as to the summary of the whole writing too. A good conclusion may consist of the following aspects:

1. As the summary: The conclusion should express the summing up of arguments and logic/ reasons. 

2. Final conclusion: It is drawn from the whole writing, the ending should be conclusive.

3. A suitable quotation: A sweet quotation can be mentioned in the conclusion if the quotation can express the central idea of the whole writing. 

4. Ending with the main point: The conclusion should consist of the main point of the whole writing if the main points can play the prime role of carrying the central idea clearly and completely.

Types of Essays around us. 

Essays can be classified on the basis of different criteria but the following classification is said to be usual and clear.

1. Descriptive Essays  

Descriptive essays are the accurate description of some places, objects, and things such as countries, islands, mountains, seas, rivers, aspects and phenomena of nature, towns, buildings, and so on. So these types of essays can be said to be the accurate account of 'something' which conveys the factual pieces of information to the readers. The information to be included in these kinds of essays is what is seen and what is seen and what is heard by the writers. It is said that the writers of descriptive essays do not make adequate room for their own imagination.

2. Narrative essays

 narrative essays are those that consist of narration of some past events this can be historical or legendary occurrences these stories either true or imaginary programs accidents and biographies of the well-known personalities narrative aces are on average accurate accounts of the past events normally the story of a narrative essay develop according to the chronological order but it does not mean that chronological order is a must the circumstances under which the events happened should be distinctly brought out and the actors should stand out clearly dialogues are introduced where necessary and possible only in order to make the narrative vivid but the direct and straightforward way of narrating that even seems to be best.

3. Expository/ Argumentative Essays

The aim of an argumentative essay is to convince the readers that the position the writer has taken on a subject are saying is right. The writer has to try to give his own reflections and thoughts about the proposition concern views both for and against. The proposition must be considered the writer has to state his thoughts or opinions on the proposition in clear terms then he has to mention the supporting details or evidence along with arguments in a logical manner.

In other words at first, the truth about the proposition should be established. Secondly, it should be pointed out what would happen if it were not true its application to life should be made clear. The effect on the readers depends on the clarity of thought supported by examples, illustrations and actors' references, and the paddle quotations.

 Dave says, " The more we explain and the clearer our losing the greater will be the effect while writing an argumentative essay." The reasoning power of the writer plays a vital role because the writer has agreed reasoning pal can present his thought very clearly argumentative essays seem to be simple. Literary and expository essays are the account of thoughts of the essayist on a proposition are saying 

4. Reflective essays

Reflective essays are the reflections of the writer's experiences on the topic. Dave says, " the aim of the reflective essay is to set forth good opinions of the writer on some subject and to support them by examples and illustrations." Normally the topic of the reflective essays can make extract in nature.

The language style using reflective essays seems literary it's a given subject it's controversial Archer then the possible objections to the views meant end should be clearly stated and replied concrete illustrations should be introduced to explain the clarify the remarks offered because readers are apt to get lost amongst abstractions. In fact, reflective essays express the essays or original thoughts on some topics.

NEB Grade 11 English Book and Nepali Book

   Grade 11 English Book

Sample
                                                              

                                                                     Unit 1 

                                                 Education and Humanity

 “The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.” - Aristotle 

Reading Education First Before you read

 
Click here to download the English book   ( Find Nepali Book at the end of the page )

 Now read the speech by Malala delivered at the United Nations Youth Assembly on 12 July 2013.

 Today, it is an honor for me to be speaking again after a long time. Being here with such honorable people is a great moment in my life. I don't know where to begin my speech. I don't know what people would be expecting me to say. But first of all, thank you to God for whom we are all equal, and thank you to every person who has prayed for my fast recovery and a new life. I cannot believe how much love people have shown me. I have received thousands of good wish cards and gifts from all over the world. Thank you to all of them. Thank you to the children whose innocent words encouraged me. Thank you to my elders whose prayers strengthened me. 

I would like to thank my nurses, doctors, and all of the staff of the hospitals in Pakistan and the UK and the UAE governments who have helped me get better and recover my strength. I fully support Mr. Ban Ki-moon, the Secretary-General in his Global Education First Initiative and the work of the UN Special Envoy Mr. Gordon Brown. And I thank them both for the leadership they continue to give. They continue to inspire all of us to action. There are hundreds of human rights activists and social workers, who are not only speaking for human rights but who are struggling to achieve their goals of education, peace, and equality. Thousands of people have been killed by the terrorists and millions have been injured. I am just one of them. So here I stand, one girl among many. I speak not for myself, but for all girls and boys. I raise up my voice – not so that I can shout, but so that those without a voice can be heard. Those who have fought for their rights: Their right to live in peace. Their right to be treated with dignity. Their right to equality of opportunity. Their right to be educated. On the 9th of October 2012, the Taliban shot me on the left side of my forehead. They shot my friends too. They thought that the bullets would silence us. 

But they failed. And then, out of that silence came thousands of voices. The terrorists thought that they would change our aims and stop our ambitions but nothing changed in my life except this: weakness, fear, and hopelessness died. Strength, power, and courage were born. I am the same Malala. My ambitions are the same. My hopes are the same. My dreams are the same. I am not against anyone. Neither am I here to speak in terms of personal revenge against the Taliban or any other terrorist group. I am here to speak up for the right of education of every child. I want education for the sons and the daughters of all the extremists especially the Taliban. I do not even hate the Talib who shot me. Even if there is a gun in my hand and he stands in front of me, I would not shoot him. This is the compassion that I have learned Malala delivering a speech at UN General Assembly from Muhammad-the prophet of mercy, Jesus Christ, and Lord Buddha. This is the legacy of change that I have inherited from Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. This is the philosophy of non-violence that I have learned from Gandhi Jee, Bacha Khan, and Mother Teresa. And this is the forgiveness that I have learned from my mother and father. This is what my soul is telling me, be peaceful and love everyone. 

We realize the importance of light when we see darkness. We realize the importance of our voice when we are silenced. In the same way, when we were in Swat, the north of Pakistan, we realized the importance of pens and books when we saw the guns. The wise saying, “The pen is mightier than the sword” was true. The extremists are afraid of books and pens. The power of education frightens them. They are afraid of women. The power of the voice of women frightens them. And that is why they killed 14 innocent medical students in the recent attack in Quetta. And that is why they killed many female teachers and polio workers in Khyber Pukhtoon Khwa and FATA. That is why they are blasting schools every day. Because they were and they are afraid of change, afraid of the equality that we will bring into our society. I remember that there was a boy in our school who was asked by a journalist, “Why are the Taliban against education?” He answered very simply. By pointing to his book he said, “A Talib doesn't know what is written inside this book.” They think that God is a tiny, little conservative being who would send girls to hell just because of going to school. 

The terrorists are misusing the name of Islam and Pashtun society for their own personal benefits. Pakistan is a peace-loving democratic country. Pashtuns want education for their daughters and sons. And Islam is a religion of peace, humanity, and brotherhood. Islam says that it is not only each child's right to get an education, rather it is their duty and responsibility. Peace is necessary for education. In many parts of the world wars and conflicts stop children to go to their school. We are really tired of these wars. Women and children are suffering in many parts of the world in many ways. Young girls have to do domestic child labor and are forced to get married at an early age. Poverty, ignorance, injustice, racism, and the deprivation of basic rights are the main problems faced by both men and women. Today I am focusing on women's rights and girls' education because they are suffering the most. There was a time when women social activists asked men to stand up for their rights. But, this time, we will do it by ourselves. I am not telling men to step away 6 English: Grade 11 from speaking for women's rights rather I am focusing on women be independent to fight for themselves. Now it's time to speak up. So today, we call upon the world leaders to change their strategic policies in favor of peace and prosperity. We call upon the world leaders that all peace deals must protect women's and children's rights. A deal that goes against the dignity of women and their rights is unacceptable. 

We call upon all governments to ensure free compulsory education for every child all over the world. We call upon all governments to fight against terrorism and violence, to protect children from brutality and harm. We call upon the developed nations to support the expansion of educational opportunities for girls in the developing world. We call upon all communities to be tolerant – to reject prejudice based on caste, creed, sect, religion, or gender. To ensure freedom and equality for women so that they can flourish, we cannot all succeed when half of us are held back. 

We call upon our sisters around the world to be brave – to embrace the strength within themselves and realize their full potential. We want schools and education for every child's bright future. We will continue our journey to our destination of peace and education for everyone. No one can stop us. We will speak for our rights and we will bring change through our voice. We must believe in the power and the strength of our words. Our words can change the world. Because we are all together, united for the cause of education. And if we want to achieve our goal, then let us empower ourselves with the weapon of knowledge and let us shield ourselves with unity and togetherness. We must not forget that millions of people are suffering from poverty, injustice, and ignorance. We must not forget that millions of children are out of school. We must not forget that our sisters and brothers are waiting for a bright peaceful future. So let us wage a global struggle against illiteracy, poverty, and terrorism, and let us pick English: Grade 11 7 up our books and pens. They are our most powerful weapons. One child, one teacher, one pen, and one book can change the world. Education is the only solution. Education first. MalalaYousafzai Ways with words.

English Book: Click here to download the whole book  

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Essay on '' My Best Friend '' and " My Daily Life"

                   
                                                                      My best friend

A friend in need is a friend indeed. I have many friends in my life and all of them are good and real friends. Our friends can have similar interests and opinions to us. It's much usual to have friends with similar ideas and interests. Good friends are always honest, helpful, sincere, and faithful. Among my good friends, Prashant Karki is my best friend. Prashant Karki whose interests opinions, habits, and good manners have influenced me very much is one of my classmates.

 Mr. Karki's physical appearance has also attracted me. His height is about five feet and six inches. He is slim and healthy. His golden hair, blue eyes, fair complexion, and friendly manners lure everyone. He always wears simple dresses at his school. He always appears in the specified uniform. His dress style is very simple. He plays chess, football, and table tennis. He is fun of playing volleyball. He likes Nepali food very much. He's not fond of having fast foods and modern drinks.

He's very good at mathematics and English. He can compose very good poems as he loves literature. Now it's cool, we students have been divided into four houses. The name of our house is Sagarmatha. He's our house leader. He can speak very attractively and expressively. He often takes part in school activities mainly sports. He always gets a good position in the oratory competition and the debate competition as well. He is hardworking and punctual. He is never delayed to reach the school. 

He never angers us as he's simple-minded. But he sometimes gets cheated by cunning and butchery fellows. He is most popular among the students and teachers for his kind nature good manners, politeness, generosity, and love of hard work. He's not so humorous to crack jokes. He respects all his seniors and loves juniors. Because of his noble and intelligent behavior, he's very popular among girls.

He is always willing to share his sorrows and joys with us. He seems to be completely sociable and cooperative. He is highly interested in reading novels and dramas. He is fond of collecting old and historical coins. Till now he has collected twenty different types of coins. He likes to entertain people. Collecting coins and keeping dogs are his hobbies. His ambition in the future is very simple and noble. He wants to be a teacher in a remote place. He prefers living in rural areas to urban areas. He seems to be a little bit sentimental. He loves honest people very much. 

He always follows the notion of the aphorism simple living high thinking. Although he does possess more positive attributes we can indicate some of his weaknesses: though he is talented and gifted he is not strongly determined to compete with his friends. He's simply found to have been victimized by his inferiority complex and lack of self-confidence I do realize that I'm fortunate to get such a noble fellow as my best friend in my life. I wish I were him.

                                                          Thank you!!

Essay:2

                                                         My Daily Life

 Everyone spends daily life involving in different activities. As I am one of the school students, my daily life is very simple and common. My daily life is controlled by the daily routine I have prepared. I feel that most of the school students' daily life will be similar to that of mine.

I always get up at 5:00 early in the morning. I spend half an hour for washing or bathing. As I believe in God, I always go to the temple to be blessed. For it, I spend half an hour. Some of my friends tease telling me a theist. As I go to the temple for my morning prayer, I can have a very good and fresh morning walk. After the morning walk and prayer, I feel energetic, fresh, and creative. Unless I do it, I feel weak and bored. At 6:00 a.m., I enjoy a cup of milk and some bread as breakfast. At a quarter past six, I usually start doing my revision. I often complete it within 8 a.m. Then I read my upcoming lessons for an hour At 9;00 a.m. I always take my lunch and get prepared for school at 9:05. I always reach school at half-past nine.

Our class begins at ten.  We have eight periods to study different subjects. My first period begins with English. After the fourth period, we have a thirty-minute break for tiffin. At four. our school gets over, Immediately, I leave for home, I get myself cleaned. Then I go to our public playground to entertain playing some games. Especially, I am fond of playing football. I generally play it for an hour. Normally we stop playing at 5:45 p.m. Then I go back home at 6:00 pm. After 6:15, I start doing my homework. I always have my dinner at 9;00 am. After dinner, I spend half an hour having a rest. Then, I revise some lessons for an hour, I generally go to bed at 10:00 pm.

On Saturdays and other holidays, I follow different program schedules. On these days, I read newspapers, magazines, storybooks, and other materials which would be boastful to achieve knowledge. During long holidays, I sometimes go on a trekking with my parents or friends for a few days. It is because I believe that traveling functions as one of the best ways of cultivating our minds through different seeds of knowledge and insights. Similarly, we get adequate pleasure by vising different places. Pleasure makes us happy and happiness makes us healthy. If we are healthy we do our job properly on time. Therefore I am willing to visit some places in addition to the chores of daily life.

Although I completely enjoy my daily life, I feel bored when I am not well enough to study. Very, rarely do I feel I am being the slave and victim of time. I do feel that time-table for our daily life certainly leads us to success and prosperous life.

Advance Level Grammar Chapter Articles ( A, An and The)

 Articles Introduction

Articles are members of the larger class of pronomial modifiers. They are generally recognized as one of the most difficult and intractable problems that learners have with English grammar. The adjectives 'a', 'an', and 'the' are usually called articles.

There are basically two types of articles in English: definite (the) and indefinite (a/an). The circumstances in which a noun is not preceded by an article are called zero articles.

Definite article :

The form 'The' is known as the definite article. It is used to point out some particular person or thing. It is usually used with a singular countable noun. 

eg. The earth is round. The boy with a red cap is my brother, etc.

 Note: When we use the definite article 'the' we presume that both we and the hearer know what is being talked about. The use of definite article is used before a noun that has become definite as a result of being mentioned a second time.

We use articles:

1. When we expect the reader to be able to identify the thing or person referred to we can use the article with plural, singular, or uncountable nouns.

2. When a  phrase identifies the particular thing that is being talked about:

 For eg: the ecology of the hill environment, the climate in this zone, etc

3. We use the article when we talk about uncommon things

For eg: in one part of the nation, the future, the main point, 

Some 'unique' nouns can be used with a/an when we describe a type or aspect of a thing. 

We use a/an: 

We use 'a' before nouns and noun phrases that begin with a consonant sound. 

If the noun or noun phrase starts with a vowel letter but begins with a consonant sound, we use a;

a university  a European  a one-parent family

We use 'an' before the words that begin with a vowel sound, including the silent letter 'h'.

an orange an Italian an umbrella an hour an honor 

abbreviations said as individual letters that begin with A, E, F, H, I, L, M, N, O, R, S OR X;

an MP an FBI agent an IOU

But compare abbreviations said as words;

a NATO general a FIFA official but an OPEC meeting

Use of 'a' 

(i) Before a countable noun beginning with a consonant sound: 

a bag, a girl, a hat, a pilot, a hotel, a book, a house

 (ii) In most of the cases 'I ' and 'us' are pronounced as a consonant: 

a eucalyptus, a one rupee note, a one-way ticket a university girl, a union, a user, a unit, a useless car, a utensil,, a useful article, a European, a unicorn

 (iii) Abbreviation whose the first letter has a consonant sound: a BA, a TOEFL score 

1. When a singular countable noun is written for the first time. That is not mentioned before.

2. To describe someone or say what type of thing something is:

3. To say what a person's job is:

Do you think that as a doctor, you'd be able to do this operation?

Note: We use the or no article to give a person's title.

She's the CEO of a project here. or She's head of a project there.

4. We use number and quantity expressions:

a month, half an hour, two times a year, etc.

Use of 'an' 

(i) Before a countable noun beginning with a vowel sound: an egg, an uncle, an elephant, an orange, an untidy girl, an insect 

(ii) In most of the cases 'h' is pronounced as a vowel: an hour, an heiress, an honest man, an heirloom, an heir, an honorable man

 (iii) Abbreviation whose first letter has vowel sound: an SOS message, and MBS an LLB

Use 'the': 

1. Before celestial body: the Earth, the sky, the universe, the Moon, a lump of sugar, a pinch of salt, the Sun

 Note: except for the earth, no article is used for other planets. 

2. When a noun is repeated the second time:  I saw a dog. The dog was shabby.  

He bought a cake. The cake was stale.

3.  Before superlative degrees: the best. , the worst, the highest the most, the least 

4. Before ordinal numbers: the first, the second, the third, the forth

 5. Before names of musical instruments:, the drum, the piano, the guitar, the key-board

 6. Before names of rivers, seas, and oceans: the Nile, the Narayani, the Thames the Bagmati, the Red sea, the Dead sea

7. Before names of groups of islands and Gulf: the British Isles, the Isle of Man, the Laccadive Islands, the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Guinea 

8. Before names of mountain ranges: the Mahabharat range, the Himalayas, the Alps, the Rockies, the Andes

9. Before plural names of countries: the United States the Philippines, the UK, the USSR, the UAB

10. Before names of canals and peninsulas: the Suez canal, the Gandak canal, the Panama canal, the Iberian Peninsula, 

11. Before names of deserts, the Sahara, the Gobi, the Thar 

12. Before names of newspapers: the Times, Rising Nepal, the Gorkhapatra, the Kantipur, the Washington Post

13. Post Before a period of decades: the twenties, the fifties, the sixties 

14. Before names of directions and poles and Geographical area: the west the east, The North Pole, the South Pole, the Middle East 

15. Before names of the periods of history and historic events: the Modern Age the Victorian Age, the Renaissance, the Martyrs Day, the Independence Day

16. Before family names and castes: the Dakotas, the Limbus the Rais, the Bramins, the Smiths 

17. Before names of religious books: the Ramayan, the Bible,  the Kuran 

18. Before names of political parties: the CPN-UML, the Conservative, the Republican, the Nepali Congress, the Communist

 19. Before names of nationalities' adjectives: the Chinese, the Japanese, the English 

20. Before a noun modified by a 'phrase' or 'clause': The man in jeans seems to be rich. The water in this glass is fresh. The girl who stood first is my daughter. 

21. Before a singular noun that represents a particular class: The donkey is stupid. (All the donkey) The tiger eats meat. (All the tiger) The wild elephant is in danger of extinction (All the wild elephants) 

22. Before special meals: the farewell party, the wedding party, the birthday party 

Note: But not before ordinary meals: dinner a lunch, supper a breakfast

 23. Before daybreaks: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening.

Note: But not before noon-midnight dawn night 

We use no article

1. With uncountable and plural nouns when we talk generally about people or things rather than about specific people or things:

2. With some singular nouns referring to institutions. (e.g. school, college, hospital, prison, university, work)

3. When we talk about them generally. Compare after you've left college and the course here at the college

4. With most countries: Brazil, Switzerland, Norway but the Netherlands, the USA, the UK, the Philippines, the Gambia

5. With the names of months and days of the week: in June, on Monday; special times of the year: during Ramadan, at Easter; (or the) with seasons: like to go skiing in winter or... in the winter. However, we generally

6. We use the to talk about a particular month, day, etc. I'm going to Nepal in the summer (= next summer)

7. We use 'the' with meals when we talk about the next one What's for dinner?; a recent one What did you have for breakfast; or a meal in general.

8. About a particular meal or particular meals: We had an early dinner, The breakfast in the hotel is great.

All the Grammatical Terms you should be aware of.

 Grammatical terms 

Introduction 

Grammatical terms are called metalinguistic terms. They are used to describe language that always provides a context for talking about grammar and conceptualization of grammatical knowledge.

Constituent Structure

Constituent structure encodes linear order, hierarchical groupings, and syntactic categories of constituents and is the input to the phonological component of the grammar. The constituent structure is nothing but the LFG phrase structure rule.

A constituent structure can be very be presented using brackets or tree diagrams. A grammar that analysis sentences wholly in terms of HIERARCHY of structure layers is sometimes called a constituent structure grammar.

Phrases

A phrase consists of a head element plus any other required or optional elements that appear alongside the head element. Lyons (1968:171) says,".... any group of words which is grammatically equivalent to a single word and which does not have its own subject and predicate is a phrase; The head element determines which other elements can appear with it. 

Noun Phrase

A noun phrase normally has a noun as its head element.

Verb phrase

A head element of this verb phrase is the verb. The verb is followed by a noun phrase which functions as the direct object of the verb. Like noun and verb phrases, an adjective phrase can function both as a constituent of a sentence and that of other phrases. As a constituent of a sentence, an adjective phrase releases the function of complement.

Some of the examples are:  He is very intelligent. (Subject attribute)

                                            We found him very intelligent. (Object attribute)

                                           He was extremely sad to hear the news. (Subject attributes)

Noun phrases

Nouns

The head of a noun phrase is normally a noun. The noun refers to people places and things. The noun in English is usually classified as common or proper. Common nouns refer to the general names of people, places, and things and are divided into two classes: 

1. Count nouns                                                                                   2. Non-count nouns.

Count nouns can be made plural while noncount nouns do not have a plural form. In some languages the equivalents of many English non-count nouns are countable. Speakers of these languages are likely to produce errors as in (a)* The police will need a lot of additional evidence.

Collective nouns are made up of a small group of count nouns in English that refer to a collection or group of individual parts or members. Unlike other nouns, collective nouns in their singular forms may be followed by a singular or plural verb so both would be considered grammatical.

a. The faculty is meeting next week.

b. The faculty are meeting next week.

Proper nouns are the names of specific people places and things that can either be singular or plural and they are usually capitalized. The table below shows the basic noun types and pronouns. The head element of a noun phrase may also be a pronoun. A word that refers to a noun that has been previously mentioned. The pronoun she refers back to the noun phrase a woman in the previous sentence. 

a. A woman got out of the car was were wearing a blacktop.

Gerunds

 A gerund is a present participle that can function as the head of a noun phrase. A gerund can appear alone in a noun phrase. A gerund can appear in an NP, as in (a), or an NP can include more constituents such as the neighbors,

a. {Swimming} is a great form of exercise.

b. {Inviting the neighbors} was a big mistake.

We can tell that swimming and inviting the neighbor's function as NP's because we can substitute another NP (with a head noun) for each of them.

Prenomial Modifiers

Prenomial modifiers are words that precede a head noun in a noun phrase. The most common prenominal modifiers fall into categories: determiners and adjectives. Each of these categories is discussed below briefly:

Determiners

Determiners indicate important characteristics about head nouns such as definiteness, indefiniteness, possession, or quantity. There are thus, several types of determiners:

articles (definite and indefinite), demonstrative determiners (this, these, those, that) numbers(cardinal and ordinal), possessive determiners

Advanced Level Grammar for all Grades

 Introduction

English Grammar

Grammar may be defined as the description of how words or bits of words are manipulated and combined to make larger units such as phrases, clauses, and sentences. At the risk of oversimplification, grammar is the set of rules that describes how words and groups of words can be arranged to form sentences in a particular language. This is the definition of grammar that is, perhaps most useful for teachers, and it is the definition that will be used in this blog. The grammar of English consists of all the rules that govern the formation of English sentences, and this is precisely what learners of English want to know. Grammar can operate on three different levels:

1. The sub-sentential level or morphological level

2. The sentential or syntactic level

3. The supra-sentential or discourse level.

The subsentential level sheds light on the structure of words along with their different affixes. The sentential level gives the picture of the structure of sentences, word order, and transformation. These two levels were the subject matter of the study of traditional grammar. But modern grammar focuses on the discourse too. Cohesion, coherence, tense-aspect, and modality in discourse level, etc. are the subject matter of the supra-sentential level of grammar.

GRAMMAR RULES IN ENGLISH

Many of the grammar rules in this blog move words or groups of words around to create different sentence patterns. They also delete certain words. One example of a grammar rule is dative movement. Which changes the position of the indirect object, the dative, in a sentence. When applied this rule creates the new sentence pattern shown, in which the positions of the DO and the IO are reversed. For example,

DO

(a) Alan sent [a long e-mail message] to [Susan]. 

(b) Alan sent [Susan] [a long e-mail message] .

The dative movement rule does two things it the indirect object to a position before the direct object, and it simultaneously deletes the preposition to.

(c)

Alan sent Susan a long e-mail message.

The dative movement rule is simply a way of stating a relationship between two linear orders or patterns of words that can occur in English. This rule applies only to sentences with verbs such as to send, throw, give, and lend, and not to sentences with verbs such as correct, mention, and report.

FACTORS AFFECTING GRAMMATICAL CHOICES

Speakers who have successfully internalized the rules of a language and their constraints are said to have grammatical competence. This means that they can use the rules of the language automatically to produce grammatical sentences. It also means that they can make accurate judgments regarding the grammaticality of the sentences they hear and read.

Gaining this kind of competence may well be the most important goal in learning a second language. Nevertheless. the achievement of grammatical competence does not guarantee that a language learner will be able to communicate effectively and appropriately in every context. This is because several other factors, besides grammaticality, influence the choices that speakers and writers need to make about which grammatical form or structure to use in a given situation. Teachers of English need to understand these factors so that they can help their students know when and where it is most appropriate to use the grammatical forms and structures they are learning.

Sociolinguistic Factors

Sociolinguistic factors refer to things like the setting in which a language. The location, the relationship between the participants, and the medium of communication (For example, spoken or written language) can affect the choice of grammatical forms and lexical items (vocab, lary). Different registers (i.e., styles of English) are used depending on the setting in which the speaker or writer is attempting to communicate.

Language Change and Usage

The grammar of a language changes over time. The changes, which often stretch over hundreds of years, are rarely noticed by anyone except linguists; however, some changes can be more generally noticed, and therefore can have consequences for teachers. 

Information-Structuring Principles

There are certain principles that native speakers follow to allow them to interpret and produce sentences that are appropriate within the context of a larger discourse. An example of one of these information-structuring principles is the given-new contract; which states that in each new sentence that a native speaker of English says or writes, given new information. This principle can affect a native speaker's choice of grammatical patterns.