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Frog
Purpose of studying frog
in Grade 11
1.It is a good representative of
vertebrates and shows many structural and functional similarities with higher
vertebrates including human.
2.It is a nonpoisonous and harmless
creature.
3.It is available and inexpensive.
4.Its size is convenient for dissection
in the laboratory to demonstrate its anatomy.
Habit and Habitat
It is found near freshwater such as ponds, lakes etc. and in
moist places on land. It lives in water must of the time during breeding season. They must come into pond water
for copulation or pairing and for laying eggs.
Benefits of living
near water
Water is a protective medium from enemies and frog live near
water for following reasons:
1. To be safe from enemies by immediate
jumping into the water.
2. Availability of plenty of insects
near water.
3. It’s larva life is completely
dependent on water.
4. To keep the skin moist in order to
carry on cutaneous respiration.
It
is diurnal in habit and solitary in nature. Frogs swim in water and leap on the
land.
Function of hind limbs: It jumps or leaps by
extending the hind limbs.
Function of fore limbs: It uses its forelimbs to land
on the ground. The forelimbs also manipulate and adjust the direction of jump.
Frog is a
carnivorous animal and feeds upon small insect’s eggs, small fishes etc.
What is croaking?
=Croaking is the characteristic noise made by the male frog
in the rainy season. It is a mating call made by males to attract females’
frogs.
Generally,
they breed in the rainy season; males gather in appropriate shallow waters and
group to attract female for mating.
Camouflage:
Frogs are not easily seen to enemies as they can change
their body color to match with the surroundings. Parental care is not known in
Indian bullfrog.
The enemies of frog are hawks, kites, crow’s eagles, human,
turtles and certain fishes.
Means of protection
in frog
1. The means of protection for frog are
slimy skin containing mucus gland that secretes mucus and makes skin slippery.
2. Habit of living near water.
3. Habit of ejecting urine when caught.
4. They have remarkable power of
changing color in harmony with their surroundings.
The frog is a poi kilo-thermal animal. The frogs bury
themselves deep into the mud and takes rest in a peculiar dormant condition. The
winter sleep or hibernation which lasts for three to
four months during summer.
When the temperature is high and followed by drought the
frogs concealed themselves underwater which is also known as summer sleep or aestivation
that last for 1 to 15 days.
Similarities of hibernation and aestivation
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