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““STUDY OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN NEIGHBOURHOOD”
a
project work submitted for the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the
grade 11 science in PHYSICS.
Trinity International
Secondary School
Department of Physics
Presented by
Name of the
student: SHUBHAM UPRETI
Grade: 11
Section:
MK1
ID card
number: 25329
Declaration
I hereby declare that the work presented in this
project report has been done by myself under the supervision of Mr. DAYA RAM
SHARMA and Mr. AMIT KUMAR YADAV and has not been submitted elsewhere for any kind
of certification.
All sources of information have been specifically
acknowledged by references to authors or institutions.
Shubham Upreti
Signature: Shubham
Grade: 11
Section: MK1
Email address: shubham.upreti@trinity.edu.np
Date:
2022/03/21
Letter
of Approval
the project
work submitted to trinity international ss, BY SHUBHAM UPRETI , entitled
“ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF ENERGY” . has been approved as the partial
fulfillment of the requirements of the internal evaluation.
…………………………. ………………………..
Mr. AMIT KUMAR YADAV Mr. DAYA
RAM SHARMA
Date: 2022/03/21
Acknowledgement
I am
indebted to all the past physicists and researchers of Nepal; without whose
extensive work and literature this study would have never been possible.
I wish to
express my deepest sense of gratitude and profundal regards to my supervisor, Mr. DAYA RAM SHARMA and Mr. AMIT KUMAR YADAV sir
for learned guidance, abiding interest and all the pain they took to get
my study work completed and documents prepared in time.
I would like
to remember all my friends and family members who have supported, helped and
encouraged me thus far.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Objective
Introduction and Background
Objective
To
have the knowledge regarding to the present condition of energy consumption
pattern in my neighborhood.
To
find the necessary solutions, new techniques about proper use of energy and
decrease unnecessary energy consumption.
Introduction
INTRODUCTION
AND BACKGROUND
The energy sector
plays an important role in the overall economic growth of a country. This year
Nepal Government has allocated approximately $778 million for energy sector.
The purpose of this study is to explore the energy consumption pattern in my
neighborhood. This project can be considered as a sample survey. In the present
context patterns of energy consumption has a direct impact on economy of a
country.
The types of energy
consumption around us are classified as:
Primary Energy
Consumption
Final Energy
Consumption
Gross inland Energy
Consumption
PRIMARY ENERGY
CONSUMTION
It measures the total
energy demand of a country covering the energy sector itself, distribution of
energy and the final consumption by end users.
FINAL ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
It
is the total energy consumed by end consumers such as households, industry and
agriculture. It is the
energy which reaches the final consumer's door and excludes that which is used
by the energy sector itself.
Final energy consumption excludes energy
used by the energy sector, including for deliveries, and transformation. It
also excludes fuel transformed in the electrical power stations of industrial
auto-producers and coke transformed into blast-furnace gas where this is not
part of overall industrial consumption but of the transformation sector.
Final energy consumption in
"households, services, etc." covers quantities consumed by private
households, commerce, public administration, services, agriculture and
fisheries. Gross inland energy consumption
GROSS ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Gross inland energy consumption, sometimes
abbreviated as gross inland consumption, is the total energy demand
of a country or region. It represents the quantity of energy necessary to
satisfy inland consumption of the geographical entity under consideration.
Gross inland energy consumption covers:
·
Consumption by the energy sector itself;
·
Distribution and transformation losses;
·
Final energy consumption by end users;
·
'statistical differences' (not already captured in the figures
on primary energy consumption and final energy consumption).
GROSS
INLAND ENERGY CONSUMPTION IS MEASURED AS:
Primary
production + recovered products + net imports +
variations of stocks – bunkers.
Background
Nepal
has the potential to produce a large amount of energy. Although Nepalese
population has access to electricity, they depend upon traditional fuels
(partially or wholly). 82% of the people residing in my neighborhood uses solid
fuels (coal, crop waste, dung and wood) whereas remaining 18% of people uses
other energy or fuel. Due to country’s poor and undeveloped nature, the lack of
infrastructures and skilled manpower in proper management and proper energy
production has led to reliability on traditional energy sources like firewood
and fossil fuels for powering.
Descriptive statistics comprises of frequency,
distribution, measures of central tendency and dispersion e. g., percentage,
maximum, minimum, mean and standard deviation used to summarize and describe
data. Firstly, characteristics of household and its features has been analyzed.
Secondly, household end-use energy source of lighting, cooking, water heating,
space heating and water pumping has been summarized. In this section author
intend is to and out dependency on fossil fuel (LPG) and solar energy
(electrical and thermal). Furthermore, survey results will illustrate the
householder's awareness on use of energy efficient home appliances and
relationship between monthly fuel cost to number of occupants, occupied floor
area and monthly income. The endings of these analyses are described below.
Basic
Information of Respondent
The study reveals that, 80 percent respondents are
economically active middle aged between 26 to 59 years; 55 percent of them
earned master or higher degree education; and 80 percent were service holders.
Characteristics of Household
Here, the characteristics of household have been
shown.
The percentage of head of household was 70 percent
male and 30 percent female; the proportion the owned to rented ratio was 3:1.
Only 10 percent respondent has occupied more than 3001 square feet floor area,
others 30 percent of each used less than 1000, between 1001 and 2000, and
between 2001 and 3000 square feet. 70 percent household size was found to
compose of up to 5 members.
According to monthly household income, 40 percent
earned more than NRs 100,000 per month, other 40 percent earned between NRs
50,000 and NRs 100,000 per month, remaining earned less than NRs 50,000 per
month.
Household End Use Energy Sources
Fig. 1 shows that major portion of electricity and LPG
used for lighting and cooking respectively. Whereas solar photovoltaic (PV)
cell and solar collectors used for lighting and water heating purpose.
Fig. 1: Household energy sources by end use
Monthly Energy Cost
Fig
2: Monthly average
energy cost in NRs by fuel type
Fig. 2 shows that monthly average energy cost for
electricity is NRs 2081.1(62 percent) and LPG is NRs 1288.55(38 percent). It
shows that the dependency upon fossil fuel (LPG) is reduced
Relationship between Monthly Energy Cost and
Number of People
Fig. 3: Monthly average energy cost to household occupants
Household size simply refers to the number of people
per household. Many researchers argue that occupancy has the strongest
influence on variation in energy consumption [2]. Fig. 3 shows that household
having occupant 10 to 15 expends NRs 4450 per month. This shows that energy
cost varies according to family size.
Conclusion
As a conclusion this project reveals that most of the
families use energy for lightning and cooking. Few people are only aware of
photovoltaic cells it may be due to lack of awareness and also due to the
economic condition of the family. It is good to know that most of the family
members use non-emission source of energy i.e. electricity. Using LPG will
increase air pollution and minimize fossil fuel. It can be also concluding that
the number of family members is directly proportional to the expenses.
Finally, eco-friendly and renewable of source of
energy should be promoted. We should have habit of using minimum energy and
preserve energy source. The electric, heat energy must be used wisely. Solar
cells, batteries, wind energy, geothermal energy must be promoted by government
so that economic condition of country can get boost.
Reference
For the
project work I have taken help from the following sources:
ii) https://www.britannica.com/
iii) https://www.merriam-webster.com/
iv) Physics
Practical Book Garuda Publication
v) https://energypedia.info/wiki/Nepal_Energy_Situation
vi)Pioneer Physics
(Book by Kamal Bahadur Rayamajhi, DibyaBajracharya, Khem Raj Deuja, Hiranya Lekhak, Dev Bahadur Khadka
published of 2077 BS)
vii)
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