Grade-10 (SEE) Chapter=Chromosome and Sex Determination

Chromosome and Sex Determination

 Here are the notes of the chapter Chromosome and Sex Determination:

1. The thread-like structures found in the nucleus of all cells which carry hereditary information are called chromosomes.

2. A particular segment of DNA molecule which determines the heredity of a particular trait is called a gene.

3. During interphase the genetic material is in the form of a network of very long, extremely thin, dark, staining fibers called chromatin fiber or thread.

4. The two chromatids of chromosomes are joined to each other by a beaded-like structure which is called the centromere.

5. The identical male and female parent chromosomes occur in pairs is known as the homologous chromosome.

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Test yourself

1. What is a chromosome?

2. What is a gene?

3. What is the composition of gen?

4. What determines the characteristics of a living organism?

5. What are sex-linked diseases?

6. What is a sex chromosome?

7. Some people have only four daughters in a row and no son. Does it mean that the husband does not produce y-bearing sperms?

8. Which chromosomes are responsible for sex determination?

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4. Notes of Heredity: Click here to go

Grade 11 Biology Table ( Course and Quizzes )

  Geological History

Era	Period	Epoch	Events
Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Psychological Development of man
		Pleistocene	Dominance of man
	Tertiary	Pliocene	Emergence of man
		Miocene	Anthropoids apes
		Oligocene	Monkeys and apes
		Eocene	Extinction of archaic mammals
		Paleocene	The dominance of archaic mammals
Mesozoic	Cretaceous		Dinosaur extinct and mammals appear
	Jurassic		1st bird and mammal
	Triassic		Dinosaur emerged
Paleozoic	Permian		Expansion of reptiles
	Carboniferous		1st reptile, age of amphibian
	Devonian		1st amphibian, age of fish
	Silurian		Origin of lungfish
	Ordovician		1st vertebrate
	Cambrian		Trilobites dominant
Proterozoic			Soft marine animals
Archeozoic			Age of unicellular animals
Azoic			No life

Fathers of Various Branches of Biology

Name	Field
Aristotle	Zoology, Biology
Mendel	Genetics
Hugo de Vries	Mutation
Von Baer	Modern Embryology
Carolus Linnaeus	Taxonomy
K. Landsteiner	Blood Groups
Vinci	Paleontology
Harvey	Blood Circulation
Hippocrates	Medicine
Louis Pasteur	Microbiology
Robert Koch	Bacteriology
AV Leeuwenhoek	Microscopy
Theophrastus	Botany
Robert Hooke	Cytology

Biology is derived from the greek word where bios mean life and logos means knowledge.

Zoology is the study of animal science, botany plant science, and microbiology is the study of microorganisms.

Aristotle is the father of Biology and Zoology.

Theophrastus is the father of botany.

Branches of Zoology

Name of branches	Study of
Ichthyology	Fishes
Herpetology	Amphibians and reptile
Ornithology	Birds
Exobiology	Life on other planets
Anatomy	Internal Structure
Histology	Tissue
Cytology	Cells
Morphology	Form and structure
Paleobotany	Ancient plants
Paleontology	Fossils
Paleozoology	Identification of animal fossils
Palynology	Plant pollen and spores
Sociology	Human social relation
Ethology	Animal Behavior
Ecology	Interaction of organisms with their environment
Parasitology	Parasites
Apiculture	Honey bee
Sericulture	Silkworm
Pisciculture	Breeding, rearing, and transplantation of fish through artificial means
Phenology	The timing life cycles at the population level
Pathology	Plant and animal disease
Etiology	Causes of disease
Phrenology	Skull
Pterology	Rocks and their process of formation
Cetology	Marine mammals
Conchology	Molluscan Shell
Cnidology	Coelenterates
Malacology	Mollusca
Protozoology	Protozoa
Taxonomy	Identification, nomenclature of organisms